Located on the fringes of Al Ain, researchers at the UAE’s Plant Genetic Resource Centre, which functions both as a seed vault and an advanced laboratory, are focused on preserving the botanical heritage of a nation better recognized for its arid landscapes than for its indigenous plant life.
Managed by the Environment Agency Abu Dhabi, this centre serves as more than just a repository for seeds; it acts as a dynamic archive reflecting the UAE’s natural adaptability.
According to Salama Al Mansoori, a plant conservation expert at the centre, “We preserve over 600 indigenous plant species in the UAE. What sets our efforts apart is the combination of traditional conservation techniques with innovative technologies that protect DNA, tissues, living plants, and seeds all under one roof.”
The building’s eye-catching circular design, inspired by the national Ghaf tree, features curvilinear outer walls that resemble the veins of a leaf. It is constructed from natural terracotta to help maintain a cooler environment, with solar panels generating approximately 25% of the facility’s electric needs. Inside, the UAE’s most ambitious initiatives to protect plant species are flourishing.
Inaugurated in March 2024, this centre is the first of its kind in the nation, designed to conserve plant species from across the Emirates through a blend of traditional methodologies and sophisticated techniques.
Preserving the future
This facility is crucial for the conservation of seeds and genetic resources of native and cultivated plant species, ensuring the agricultural sustainability of the UAE amidst climate challenges. Researchers collect samples from various local plants to assess how they adapt to changing environmental conditions.
To ensure optimal preservation of their findings, seeds and tissue samples are stored under ideal conditions.
“Welcome to the Arctic,” remarked Mohammed Khalaf Obaid Hayez, who is responsible for managing terrestrial protected areas, as he opened the entrance to the freezer section. Here, temperatures of -20°C can maintain the viability of specimens for as long as a century.
“Certain plants do not produce seeds or only reproduce through underground stems,” Ms. Al Mansoori noted. “Thus, we also apply tissue culture, cryopreservation, and even 3D imaging to record and protect them.”
The centre’s strategy is comprehensive, amalgamating scientific research with community education and commitments to global environmental standards. It operates in accordance with international conservation agreements and supplies essential plant materials to researchers both within the UAE and internationally.
“Storage is not our sole focus,” emphasized Ms. Al Mansoori. “Understanding our local plant biodiversity is equally important.”
Mapping the genetic framework of native plants
The centre’s team is actively engaged in mapping the genome sequences of local plant species, having already completed the mapping for 12 species. This project aims to unveil the genetic blueprints of ecologically important plants in the UAE.
The initial phase targeted six native species recognized for their resilience in extreme conditions, including local mangroves crucial for coastal protections and the dwarf palm, which excels in heat and water efficiency.
The recently concluded second phase focused on species of significant ecological importance and potential for environmental resilience, including “Orchradenus arabicus,” a salt-tolerant plant well-suited for land restoration and supporting pollinators, and “Halophila stipulacea,” a seagrass species that stabilizes sediment and nurtures marine life.
“By deciphering their genetic properties, we can pinpoint the most resilient populations for future cultivation, facilitate reforestation and rehabilitation projects, and improve biodiversity monitoring,” she explained.
Pioneering fungi research in the UAE
Recently, the centre unveiled the UAE’s inaugural fungarium, aimed at cataloging and evaluating local mushrooms and fungi.
Currently, 10 mushroom species have been recorded, including a newly identified species, Ganoderma colossus, typically found in Central and South America, as well as equatorial Africa.
Ms. Al Mansoori noted that researching local mycelium networks could provide insights into potential impacts on regional crops and may lead to groundbreaking medical advancements.
Global aspirations with local connections
The centre is looking to broaden its academic presence—launching a week-long hands-on program aimed at students aged 15 and up.
“Participants will engage in activities such as sorting seeds and working in the herbarium, alongside some experiences in the greenhouse,” Ms. Al Mansoori explained, hoping to foster a connection between young people and local plant life and the environment.